人类，请不要自掘坟墓！——联合国秘书长古特雷斯

一切都是那样自然，它们永不停息地演绎着一首伟大的自然之歌。大自然有其固有的生存,运行之法则，只有适应了这一规律，也就适应了人类的生存之道。

联合国秘书长古特雷斯在会议上发表讲话。他指出，气候变化《巴黎协定》签署以来的6年是有记录以来最热的6年。人类对化石燃料的依赖正在将其推向巨大灾难的边缘。

人类，请不要自掘坟墓

古特雷斯说：“一个严峻的选择摆在人类面前：要么我们阻止灾难，要么灾难阻止我们。答案只有一个：阻止灾难。必须阻止摧残生物多样性的行为；必须阻止人类的碳自杀行为；必须阻止待大自然如垃圾场的态度；必须阻止一味燃烧、钻探、挖掘的模式。我们这是在自掘坟墓。”

他表示，地球的变化已是肉眼可见，从海洋深处到高山之巅，从融化的冰川到汹涌的极端天气事件。海平面上升的速度已达30年前的两倍。海洋温度空前之高，而且变暖速度加快。亚马逊雨林的部分地区目前排放的碳比吸收的还要多。

承诺不足或有严重问题

古特雷斯强调，最近宣布的一些气候行动可能让人们以为这样就能扭转局面。这是一种幻觉。最近发布的关于国家自主贡献的报告显示，全球气温仍将上升灾难性的2.7度。

他指出：“最近作出的一些承诺存在严重问题，但哪怕它们都是明确可信的，仍不足以阻止人类滑向气候灾难的深渊。即使按照最乐观的预测，气温升幅也将远高于2摄氏度。总之，在本次万众瞩目的气候大会开幕之际，人类仍在走向气候灾难。”

古特雷斯强调，必须保持1.5摄氏度的目标不变。为此，在减排方面必须具有更大的雄心，并且立即采取具体行动，从而到2030年将全球排放量减少45%。

他指出，20国集团国家负有特殊责任，因为它们约占全球排放量的80%。发达国家必须发挥带头作用，新兴经济体也必须作出更大努力，因为它们的贡献对有效减排至关重要。

他敦促发达国家和新兴经济体建立联盟，为加快经济脱碳和逐步淘汰煤炭创造财政和技术条件。同时，每年为发展中国家提供1000亿美元气候融资的承诺必须兑现，以恢复信任和可信度。 

他强调，在过去的十年里，近40亿人遭受了与气候有关的灾害，必须采取更多措施保护易受影响社区，助其抵御迫在眉睫的气候变化威胁。最不发达国家和小岛屿发展中国家这些受害最严重国家急需外界提供资金。

在危险的临界点加快行动

古特雷斯表示，人类来到了一个紧要关头，正在迅速接近一些临界点，一旦达到便将导致全球变暖急剧升级且反馈循环。然而，只要投资于净零排放且气候适应性强的经济模式，就将形成另一种反馈循环，那就是实现可持续增长、促成就业、创造机会的良性循环。

他表示，已有的进展为此打下了基础。一些国家已做出可信的承诺，宣布到本世纪中叶实现净零排放。许多国家已停止为煤炭业提供国际融资。700多个城市正带头努力实现碳中和。私营部门正在觉醒。管理着10万亿美元的“净零资产所有者联盟”为作出了可信承诺、设定透明目标树立了最佳标杆。此外，气候行动大军在年轻人领导下势不可挡。

联合国秘书长演讲全文

Dear Prime Minister Johnson, I want to thank you and to thank COP President Alok Sharma for your hospitality, your leadership, and your tireless efforts in the preparation of this COP.  

Your Royal Highnesses, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen,  

The six years since the Paris Climate Agreement have been the six hottest years on record.   

Our addiction to fossil fuels is pushing humanity to the brink. 

We face a stark choice:  Either we stop it — or it stops us.   

It’s time to say: enough.   

Enough of brutalizing biodiversity.  

Enough of killing ourselves with carbon. 

Enough of treating nature like a toilet.  

Enough of burning and drilling and mining our way deeper. 

We are digging our own graves.   

Our planet is changing before our eyes — from the ocean depths to mountain tops; from melting glaciers to relentless extreme weather events. 

Sea-level rise is double the rate it was 30 years ago. 

Oceans are hotter than ever — and getting warmer faster.  

Parts of the Amazon Rainforest now emit more carbon than they absorb. 

Recent climate action announcements might give the impression that we are on track to turn things around. 

This is an illusion.   

The last published report on Nationally Determined Contributions showed that they would still condemn the world to a calamitous 2.7 degree increase.    

And even if the recent pledges were clear and credible — and there are serious questions about some of them — we are still careening towards climate catastrophe. 

Even in the best-case scenario, temperatures will rise well above two degrees. 

So, as we open this much anticipated climate conference, we are still heading for climate disaster.   

Young people know it.  

Every country sees it.  

Small Island Developing States — and other vulnerable ones — live it. 

For them, failure is not an option.  

Failure is a death sentence.  

Excellencies,  

We face a moment of truth.  

We are fast approaching tipping points that will trigger escalating feedback loops of global heating.  

But investing in the net zero, climate resilient economy will create feedback loops of its own — virtuous circles of sustainable growth, jobs and opportunity.   

We have progress to build upon.   

A number of countries have made credible commitments to net-zero emissions by mid-century.  

Many have pulled the plug on international financing of coal. 

Over 700 cities are leading the way to carbon neutrality. 

The private sector is waking up.   

The Net-Zero Asset Owners Alliance — the gold standard for credible commitments and transparent targets — is managing US $10 trillion in assets and catalyzing change across industries. 

The climate action army — led by young people — is unstoppable. 

They are larger.  They are louder.  

And, I assure you, they are not going away. 

I stand with them. 

Excellencies,  

The science is clear.  We know what to do. 

First, we must keep the goal of 1.5 degrees Celsius alive. 

This requires greater ambition on mitigation and immediate concrete action to reduce global emissions by 45 per cent by 2030. 

G20 countries have a particular responsibility as they represent around 80 per cent of emissions.  

According to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities in light of national circumstances, developed countries must lead the effort. 

But emerging economies, too, must go the extra mile, as their contribution is essential for the effective reduction of emissions. 

We need maximum ambition – from all countries on all fronts – to make Glasgow a success.  

I urge developed countries and emerging economies to build coalitions to create the financial and technological conditions to accelerate the decarbonization of the economy as well as the phase out of coal. These coalitions are meant to support the large emitters that face more difficulties in the transition from grey to green for them to be able to do it.  

Let’s have no illusions: if commitments fall short by the end of this COP, countries must revisit their national climate plans and policies.  

Not every five years.  Every year.  Every moment. 

Until keeping to 1.5 degrees is assured. 

Until subsidies to fossil fuels end. 

Until there is a price on carbon. 

Until coal is phased out.  

But we also need greater clarity.   

There is a deficit of credibility and a surplus of confusion over emissions reductions and net zero targets, with different meanings and different metrics.  

That is why – beyond the mechanisms already established in the Paris Agreement – I am announcing today that I will establish a Group of Experts to propose clear standards to measure and analyze net zero commitments from non-state actors.  

Second, we must do more to protect vulnerable communities from the clear and present dangers of climate change.  

Over the last decade, nearly 4 billion people suffered climate-related disasters.  

That devastation will only grow. 

But adaptation works.  

Early warning systems save lives. Climate-smart agriculture and infrastructure save jobs.    

All donors must allocate half their climate finance to adaptation.  

Public and multilateral development banks should start as soon as possible.  

Third, this COP must be a moment of solidarity. 

The US$100 billion a year climate finance commitment in support of developing countries must become a $100 billion climate finance reality. 

This is critical to restoring trust and credibility.  

I welcome the efforts led by Canada and Germany to help us get there.  

It is an important first step — but it delays the largest support for years, and it doesn’t give clear guarantees.  

But beyond the $100 billion, developing countries need far greater resources to fight COVID-19, to build resilience and pursue sustainable development.  

Those suffering the most – namely, Least Developed Countries and Small Island Developing States – need urgent funding. 

More public climate finance.  More overseas development aid.  More grants.  Easier access to funding.   

And multilateral development banks must work much more seriously at mobilizing greater investment through blended and private finance.  

Excellencies,  

The sirens are sounding.   

Our planet is talking to us and telling us something. 

And so are people everywhere.  

Climate action tops the list of people’s concerns, across countries, age and gender.  

We must listen — and we must act — and we must choose wisely.  

On behalf of this and future generations, I urge you: 

Choose ambition.  

Choose solidarity.  

Choose to safeguard our future and save humanity, and I thank you. 

此致